SMAW, ti a tun mọ daradara bi alurinmorin arc elekiturodu, jẹ ọna alurinmorin idapọ ninu eyiti arc ti fa nipasẹ elekiturodu ati awọn ẹya alurinmorin ti yo nipasẹ ooru arc.O ti wa ni awọn julọ o gbajumo ni lilo ati ki o wọpọ alurinmorin ọna ni bayi.
Arc jẹ iṣẹlẹ isọjade afẹfẹ.Aaki alurinmorin jẹ lasan itusilẹ ti o lagbara ati itẹramọṣẹ ti ipilẹṣẹ ni alabọde gaasi laarin elekiturodu ati iṣẹ-iṣẹ.Lakoko ilana alurinmorin, elekiturodu ati alurinmorin ti sopọ ni atele si awọn amọna meji ti orisun agbara alurinmorin.Nigbati awọn alurinmorin mojuto ti awọn elekiturodu awọn olubasọrọ dada ti awọn weldment, awọn Circuit ti wa ni titan, ati ki o kan ti o tobi kukuru-Circuit lọwọlọwọ wa ni ti ipilẹṣẹ ni akoko kanna.Niwọn bi o ti jẹ pe resistance kan wa ni olubasọrọ, ni ibamu si Q = I2Rt, iwọn ooru nla yoo jẹ ipilẹṣẹ nibẹ, ati pe ooru yoo yara gbona ati yo olubasọrọ naa.Nigbati elekiturodu ti gbe soke nipasẹ 2 ~ 4mm, alabọde gaasi laarin elekiturodu ati weldment jẹ ionized, ti n ṣe awọn elekitironi oniwadi ati awọn ions rere.Labẹ iṣẹ ti aaye ina, awọn elekitironi gbe lọ si anode, ati awọn ions rere gbe lọ si cathode.Wọn kọlu ati tun darapọ nigbagbogbo, iyipada agbara kainetik sinu agbara ooru, nitorinaa n ṣe ina ina to lagbara ati ooru giga, ati ṣiṣe arc laarin opin elekiturodu ati weldment.
Arc naa yo opin ti elekiturodu ati weldment ti o baamu ni akoko kanna.Awọn weld irin yo lati fẹlẹfẹlẹ kan ti didà pool, ati awọn elekiturodu irin yo lati fẹlẹfẹlẹ kan ti droplet.Didà droplets wọ inu didà pool labẹ awọn iṣẹ ti walẹ ati aaki fifun agbara, fiusi pẹlu awọn irin ti awọn weldment, ati ki o dagba a weld lẹhin solidification.Lakoko ilana alurinmorin, ti a bo yo lati dagba slag ati ki o kan ti o tobi iye ti gaasi ti wa ni ti ipilẹṣẹ, eyi ti o ndaabobo ati metallurgically toju awọn didà pool irin.
Aaki alurinmorin ni awọn ẹya mẹta: agbegbe cathode, agbegbe anode ati agbegbe ọwọn arc.Agbegbe cathode njade awọn elekitironi, ati iwọn otutu jẹ kekere, nipa 2400K;agbegbe anode gba awọn elekitironi, ati iwọn otutu jẹ giga, nipa 2600K;iwọn otutu aarin ti agbegbe iwe arc jẹ ti o ga julọ, nipa 6000 ~ 8000K.
Nigbati o ba nlo orisun agbara alurinmorin DC (gẹgẹbi oluṣeto alurinmorin arc) fun alurinmorin, awọn ọna asopọ meji wa: asopọ rere ati asopọ yiyipada.Asopọ to dara ni ọna asopọ ninu eyiti a ti sopọ elekiturodu si elekiturodu odi ati pe iṣẹ-ṣiṣe ti sopọ si elekiturodu rere.Niwọn igba ti elekiturodu rere gba awọn elekitironi ati pe o nmu ooru diẹ sii, weldment jẹ rọrun lati wọ inu, nitorinaa ọna asopọ yii ni igbagbogbo lo fun alurinmorin awọn iṣẹ ṣiṣe ti o nipọn.Asopọ yiyipada jẹ ọna asopọ ninu eyiti a ti sopọ elekiturodu si elekiturodu rere ati pe iṣẹ-ṣiṣe ti sopọ si elekiturodu odi.Niwon awọn ooru ti ipilẹṣẹ nipasẹ awọn elekitironi emitted nipasẹ awọn odi elekiturodu jẹ kere, awọn weldment ni ko rorun lati iná nipasẹ, ki yi asopọ ọna ti wa ni igba ti a lo fun alurinmorin tinrin workpieces.
Ooru ti ipilẹṣẹ nipasẹ aaki alurinmorin ni ibamu si ọja ti foliteji arc ati lọwọlọwọ alurinmorin (ie, Q=IUt).Nigbagbogbo, foliteji laarin weldment ati elekiturodu nigbati aaki ba sun ni iduroṣinṣin ni a pe ni foliteji arc, ati foliteji arc nigbagbogbo wa ni iwọn 20 ~ 35V.Nitori foliteji arc yipada diẹ, ooru arc jẹ atunṣe nipataki nipa ṣiṣatunṣe lọwọlọwọ alurinmorin ni iṣelọpọ.
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Akoko ifiweranṣẹ: Oṣu kejila-30-2022