Kini alurinmorin aaki?

Alurinmorin aaki elekitirodi jẹ ọna alurinmorin ti o gbajumo julọ ni iṣelọpọ ile-iṣẹ.Irin to wa ni welded jẹ ọpá kan, ati awọn elekiturodu ni awọn miiran polu.Nigbati awọn ọpá meji ba sunmọ ara wọn, arc kan ti wa ni ipilẹṣẹ.Ooru ti ipilẹṣẹ nipasẹ itusilẹ arc (eyiti a mọ ni isunmọ arc) ni a lo lati so elekiturodu pọ pẹlu awọn ohun elo iṣẹ yo ara wọn ati ṣe weld kan lẹhin isunmọ, ki o le gba ilana alurinmorin pẹlu isẹpo to lagbara.

olusin 1. Itan ti alurinmorin

Itan kukuru

Lẹhin ọpọlọpọ awọn adanwo alurinmorin ni kutukutu bi ọrundun 19th, ọmọ Gẹẹsi kan ti a npè ni Willard kọkọ gba itọsi kan fun alurinmorin arc ni ọdun 1865. O lo ina mọnamọna lati kọja nipasẹ awọn ege irin kekere meji lati ṣaṣeyọri dapọ wọn, ati ni bii ogun ọdun lẹhinna, ọmọ Russia kan. ti a npè ni Bernard gba itọsi kan fun ilana alurinmorin arc.O ṣe itọju aaki laarin ọpa erogba ati awọn iṣẹ iṣẹ.Nigbati arc naa ba ṣiṣẹ pẹlu ọwọ nipasẹ isẹpo ti awọn iṣẹ-ṣiṣe, awọn iṣẹ-ṣiṣe ti o wa ni welded ti dapọ.Ni awọn ọdun 1890, irin to lagbara ni idagbasoke bi elekiturodu, eyiti o jẹ ninu adagun didà ti o di apakan ti irin weld.Sibẹsibẹ, atẹgun ati nitrogen ninu afẹfẹ ṣe awọn oxides ipalara ati nitrides ninu irin weld., Bayi yori si ko dara alurinmorin didara.

Ni ibẹrẹ ọrundun 20th, pataki ti aabo arc lati yago fun infiltration afẹfẹ ti ni imuse, ati lilo ooru arc lati decompose ti a bo sinu elekiturodu ti aabo gaasi aabo di ọna ti o dara julọ.Ni aarin awọn ọdun 1920, amọna elekitirodu ti a bo ti ni idagbasoke, eyiti o mu didara irin welded dara pupọ.Ni akoko kanna, o tun le jẹ iyipada pataki julọ ti alurinmorin arc.Ohun elo akọkọ ninu ilana alurinmorin pẹlu ẹrọ itanna alurinmorin, awọn tongs alurinmorin ati iboju-boju.

 olusin 2. Ilana ti alurinmorin

Ilana

Aaki alurinmorin ni agbara nipasẹ orisun agbara alurinmorin.Labẹ iṣẹ ti foliteji kan, iṣẹlẹ itusilẹ to lagbara ati pipẹ waye laarin elekiturodu (ati opin okun waya alurinmorin tabi ọpá alurinmorin) ati iṣẹ-ṣiṣe.Koko-ọrọ ti arc alurinmorin jẹ idari gaasi, iyẹn ni, gaasi didoju ni aaye nibiti arc wa ti bajẹ sinu awọn ions rere ti o ni agbara daadaa ati awọn elekitironi ti o gba agbara ni odi labẹ iṣẹ ti foliteji kan, eyiti a pe ni ionization.Awọn patikulu ti o gba agbara meji wọnyi ni a darí si awọn ọpá meji naa.Gbigbe itọsọna jẹ ki gaasi agbegbe ṣe ina ina lati ṣe arc kan.Aaki ina mọnamọna ṣe iyipada agbara itanna sinu ooru, eyiti o gbona ati yo irin lati ṣe isẹpo welded.

Lẹhin ti arc naa ti fa si “ignite”, ilana itusilẹ funrararẹ le gbe awọn patikulu ti o gba agbara ti o nilo lati ṣe itọju itusilẹ naa, eyiti o jẹ iṣẹlẹ isọda ti ara ẹni.Ati ilana itusilẹ arc ni foliteji kekere, lọwọlọwọ giga, iwọn otutu giga ati luminescence to lagbara.Pẹlu ilana yii, agbara itanna ti yipada si ooru, ẹrọ ati agbara ina.Alurinmorin nipataki nlo igbona ati agbara ẹrọ lati ṣaṣeyọri idi ti awọn irin sisopọ.

Nigba alurinmorin, awọn aaki Burns laarin awọn alurinmorin ọpá ati awọn alurinmorin workpieces, yo awọn workpieces ati awọn elekiturodu mojuto lati fẹlẹfẹlẹ kan ti didà pool.Ni akoko kanna, awọn elekiturodu ti a bo ti wa ni tun yo, ati ki o kan kemikali lenu waye lati dagba slag ati gaasi, eyi ti o ndaabobo opin ti awọn elekiturodu, droplets, didà pool ati ki o ga-otutu weld irin.

Iyasọtọ akọkọ

Awọn ọna alurinmorin arc ti o wọpọ ni akọkọ pẹlu Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW), Arc Welding Submerged (SAW), Gas Tungsten Arc Weld (GTAW tabi TIG alurinmorin), Plasma Arc Welding (PAW) ati Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW，MIG tabi MAG alurinmorin ) etc.

olusin 3. E7018 alurinmorin elekiturodu

Alurinmorin Arc Irin ti o ni aabo (SMAW)

Idabobo irin aaki alurinmorin nlo awọn elekiturodu ati awọn workpiece bi meji amọna, ati awọn ooru ati fifun agbara ti awọn aaki ti wa ni lo lati tibile yo awọn workpiece nigba alurinmorin.Ni akoko kanna, labẹ iṣẹ ti ooru arc, opin ti elekiturodu ti yo lati ṣe droplet kan, ati pe iṣẹ-ṣiṣe ti yo ni apakan lati dagba ọfin ofali ti o kun fun irin olomi.Irin olomi didà ati droplet ti workpiece ṣe adagun didà kan.Lakoko ilana alurinmorin, ti a bo ati ti kii ṣe irin jẹ awọn ifisi tu ara wọn ki o ṣe nkan ti kii ṣe irin ti o bo oju ti weld nipasẹ awọn iyipada kemikali ti a pe ni slag.Bi aaki naa ti n lọ, adagun didà naa tutu ati di mimọ lati ṣe weld kan.A ni orisirisi alurinmorin elekiturodu fun SMAW, julọ gbajumo si dede ni o waE6010, E6011, E6013, E7016, E7018, ati funirin ti ko njepata, irin simẹnti, lile surfacingati be be lo.

 olusin 4. Submerged arc alurinmorin

Alurinmorin Arc (SAW)

Alurinmorin aaki submerged ni a ọna ninu eyi ti awọn aaki Burns labẹ awọn sisan Layer fun alurinmorin.Elekiturodu irin ti a lo ninu alurinmorin arc submerged jẹ okun waya igboro ti o jẹun ni aifọwọyi laisi idilọwọ.Ni gbogbogbo, a alurinmorin trolley tabi awọn miiran darí ati itanna awọn ẹrọ ti wa ni lo lati mọ awọn laifọwọyi ronu ti awọn aaki nigba ti alurinmorin ilana.Aaki ti alurinmorin aaki submerged njo labẹ ṣiṣan granular.Ooru ti aaki yo ati ki o yọ awọn apakan ti o ṣiṣẹ taara nipasẹ arc ti workpiece, opin okun waya alurinmorin ati ṣiṣan, ati oru ti irin ati ṣiṣan n yọ kuro lati dagba iho pipade ni ayika arc.Iná ninu iho yii.Awọn iho ti wa ni ti yika nipasẹ a slag fiimu kq ti slag ti a ṣe nipasẹ awọn ṣiṣan yo.Fiimu slag yii kii ṣe nikan ṣe iyasọtọ afẹfẹ daradara lati olubasọrọ pẹlu arc ati adagun didà, ṣugbọn tun ṣe idiwọ arc lati tan jade.Awọn alurinmorin waya kikan ati yo nipasẹ awọn aaki ṣubu ni awọn fọọmu ti droplets ati awọn apopọ pẹlu didà workpiece irin lati fẹlẹfẹlẹ kan ti didà pool.Awọn kere ipon slag leefofo lori didà pool.Ni afikun si ipinya ẹrọ ati aabo ti irin adagun didà, slag didà tun ṣe ifasẹyin irin pẹlu irin adagun didà lakoko ilana alurinmorin, nitorinaa ni ipa lori akopọ kemikali ti irin weld.Aaki naa n lọ siwaju, ati irin adagun didà naa maa n tutu diẹdiẹ ati ki o di crystallize lati ṣe weld kan.Lẹhin ti didà slag lilefoofo lori oke apa ti awọn didà pool cools, a slag erunrun ti wa ni akoso lati tesiwaju lati dabobo weld ni ga otutu ati ki o se o lati ni oxidized.A pese ṣiṣan fun SAW,SJ101,SJ301,SJ302

olusin 5. Gaasi Tungsten Arc Weld-TIG

Gas Tungstyo Arc Weld/Tungsten Inert Gas Welding (GTAW tabi TIG)

TIG alurinmorin ntokasi si ohun aaki alurinmorin ọna ti o nlo tungsten tabi tungsten alloy (thorium tungsten, cerium tungsten, ati be be lo) bi ohun elekiturodu ati argon bi a shielding gaasi, tọka si bi TIG alurinmorin tabi GTAW alurinmorin.Lakoko alurinmorin, irin kikun le fi kun tabi ko ṣe ṣafikun ni ibamu si fọọmu yara ti weld ati iṣẹ ti irin weld.Filler irin ni a maa n ṣafikun lati iwaju arc.Nitori iyasọtọ ti iṣuu magnẹsia alumini ati awọn ohun elo alloy rẹ, AC tungsten arc alurinmorin ni a nilo fun alurinmorin, ati alurinmorin tungsten arc DC ti a lo fun awọn ohun elo irin miiran.Lati le ṣakoso titẹ sii ooru, alurinmorin argon tungsten arc pulsed jẹ lilo pupọ ati siwaju sii.O kun lo TIG alurinmorin onirin ni o waAws ER70S-6, ER80S-G,ER4043,ER5356,HS221ati be be lo.

 olusin 5. Plasma Arc Welding

Pilasima Arc Welding (PAW)

Plasma arc jẹ fọọmu pataki ti arc.Aaki tun jẹ tungsten tabi tungsten alloy (thorium tungsten, cerium tungsten, ati bẹbẹ lọ) bi elekiturodu arc, lilo argon bi gaasi aabo, ṣugbọn tungsten elekiturodu ko fa jade kuro ninu nozzle, ṣugbọn yọkuro Ninu nozzle, nozzle jẹ omi tutu, ti a tun mọ ni nozzle ti omi tutu.Awọn gaasi inert ti pin si awọn ẹya meji, apakan kan ni gaasi ti o jade laarin tungsten elekiturodu ati omi ti o tutu, ti a npe ni gaasi ion;apakan miiran jẹ gaasi ti o jade laarin nozzle ti omi tutu ati ideri gaasi aabo, ti a npe ni gaasi Shielding, lilo arc pilasima bi orisun ooru fun alurinmorin, gige, spraying, surfacing, bbl

 olusin 5 Irin-Inert Gas Welding

Irin Inert Gas Welding (MIG)

MIG alurinmorin tumo si wipe alurinmorin waya rọpo tungsten elekiturodu.Okun alurinmorin funrararẹ jẹ ọkan ninu awọn ọpa ti arc, ti n ṣe ipa ti adaṣe ina ati arc, ati ni akoko kanna bi ohun elo kikun, eyiti o yo nigbagbogbo ati kun sinu weld labẹ iṣe ti arc.Gaasi aabo ti o wọpọ lo ni ayika arc le jẹ gaasi inert Ar, gaasi CO ti nṣiṣe lọwọ₂, tabi Ar + CO₂gaasi adalu.MIG alurinmorin ti o nlo Ar bi shielding gaasi ni a npe ni MIG alurinmorin;MIG alurinmorin ti o nlo CO₂bi shielding gaasi ni a npe ni CO₂alurinmorin.Awọn julọ gbajumo MIG niAws ER70S-6, ER80S-G.

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